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	<title>Espace Sciences Rias</title>
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		<title>JEUX VIDEO</title>
		<link>http://espacesciencesdesrias.fr/jeux-video/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 28 Dec 2025 15:00:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Geneviève Terrière]]></dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[Les jeux vidéo Laurent Bègue-Shankland &#8211; Chercheur en psychologie sociale, CNRS. En préparation depuis plusieurs années, le futur Grand Theft Auto (GTA) VI apparaît comme l’un des jeux les plus attendus de l’Histoire. Comment expliquer cet attrait pour une saga outrancière violent et amorale ? Au-delà des jeux vidéo, la violence représente …<p> <a class="continue-reading-link" href="http://espacesciencesdesrias.fr/jeux-video/">Lire la suite<i class="icon-right-dir"></i></a></p>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3><strong><span style="color: #f10d0c"><span style="font-size: 300%">Les jeux vidéo</span></span></strong></h3>
<p><strong><span style="font-size: large">Laurent Bègue-Shankland &#8211; </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: large">Chercheur en psychologie sociale, CNRS.</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size: large"><b>En préparation depuis plusieurs années, le futur Grand Theft Auto (GTA) VI apparaît comme l’un des jeux les plus attendus de l’Histoire. </b></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: large"><b><span style="color: #f10d0c">Comment expliquer cet attrait pour une saga outrancière violent et amorale ?</span></b></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: large"><b>Au-delà des jeux vidéo, la violence représente une composante clé du loisir populaire. Rien qu’au </b></span><span style="font-size: large"><b>cinéma, </b></span><span style="font-size: large"><b>sur 800 superproductions sorties ces 50 dernières années, 89 % contiennent de la violence, laquelle est en constante augmentation. </b></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #f10d0c"><span style="font-size: large"><b>La majorité des </b></span></span><span style="color: #f10d0c"><span style="font-size: large"><b>jeux vidéo</b></span></span><span style="color: #f10d0c"><span style="font-size: large"><b> à succès en comportent tout autant </b></span></span><span style="color: #f10d0c"><span style="font-size: large"><b>de violence.</b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large"><b>Au demeurant, la plupart des jeux vidéo à contenu agressif contiennent bien d’autres choses que des actes violents : <span style="color: #f10d0c">la propension à tuer des gens n’est qu’un des aspects du jeu, pas forcément le plus important.</span> </b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large"><b>Selon des comptages systématiques, chez des joueurs expérimentés qui pratiquent un jeu de tir en vue subjective pendant 50 minutes, les actions violentes – par exemple, abattre quelqu’un avec une arme à feu – ne constituent que 15 % des événements et n’occupent que 7 % du temps total de jeu.</b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large"><b>L’attrait pour les scènes violentes résulte probablement d’une recherche de stimulation. <span style="color: #f10d0c">Les jeux vidéo violents activent en effet certaines émotions fortes et procurent un sentiment de maîtrise, souvent dans le cadre d’un collectif. </span></b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large"><b>Une étude menée aux États-Unis montrait que lorsque l’option « sang » (qui permet de voir couler l’hémoglobine lorsque des ennemis sont abattus) était enclenchée durant le jeu </b></span></span><em><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large"><b>Mortal Kombat,</b></span></span></em><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large"><b> la pression sanguine du joueur augmentait – ce qui indique une intensification de l’éveil physiologique.</b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large"><b>D’autres travaux ont montré que l’amygdale (une structure cérébrale impliquée dans le décodage des stimuli menaçants) est mobilisée lors de séquences virtuelles violentes. </b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large"><b>Dans notre laboratoire, nous avons montré également une élévation du stress des joueurs mesurée au moyen de mesures cardiaques. </b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large"><b><span style="color: #c9211e"><span style="color: #ff0000">En bref, nous aimons être stimulés, au moins jusqu’à un certain point, tandis que l’atonie nous repousse</span>.</span> (Lettre du CNRS n° 101 décembre 2025)</b></span></span></p>
<h3><strong><span style="color: #ff0000">En conséquence les Jeux vidéo vont être interdits aux moins de 15 ans</span></strong></h3>
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		<title>DANGERS des ECRANS</title>
		<link>http://espacesciencesdesrias.fr/dangers-des-ecrans/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 28 Dec 2025 14:54:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Geneviève Terrière]]></dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[Le cerveau humain face aux écrans : DANGERS ! Le cerveau humain ne va pas se modifier parce que nous passons de plus en plus de temps devant son écran de télé, de tablette ou de smartphone. L’adaptation à l’échelle individuelle n’existe pas. En revanche il a été démontré qu’une consommation excessive …<p> <a class="continue-reading-link" href="http://espacesciencesdesrias.fr/dangers-des-ecrans/">Lire la suite<i class="icon-right-dir"></i></a></p>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h6></h6>
<h6><span style="color: #f10d0c"><span style="font-size: 300%"><b>Le cerveau humain face aux écrans : DANGERS !</b></span></span></h6>
<p><strong> <span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large">Le cerveau humain n</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large">e </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large">va pas se modifier</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large"><b> parce que nous passons de plus en plus </b></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large"><b>de temps</b></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large"><b> devant son écran de télé, de tablette ou de smartphone. </b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large"><b>L’</b></span></span><strong><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large">adaptation à l’échelle individuelle n’existe pas</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large"><b>.</b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large"><b>En revanche il a été démontré qu’une </b></span></span><strong><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large">consommation excessive</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large"><b> d’écrans et</b></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large"><b> la masse d’informations qui en découle, </b></span></span><strong><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large">perturbait la formation de certaines synapses</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large"><b> et pouvait perturber l&rsquo;apprentissage chez l&rsquo;enfant.</b></span></span><b> </b></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large"><b>Passer trop de temps devant un écran augmente également le </b></span></span><strong><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large">risque de troubles cognitifs</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large"><b>, notamment des problèmes de </b></span></span><strong><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large">concentration </span></span></strong><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large"><b>et une perturbation du </b></span></span><strong><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large">sommeil</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large"><b>. </b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large"><b><span style="color: #f10d0c">Et en ce qui concerne notre façon de penser et d’agir, ce n’est probablement pas </span><span style="color: #f10d0c">son </span><span style="color: #f10d0c">utilisation massive qui serait responsable d’un changement, mais plutôt ce qui se dit derrière tous ces écrans.</span></b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large"><b><span style="color: #000000">C’es</span><span style="color: #000000">t</span><span style="color: #000000"> pourquoi l’utilisation des smartphones est interdite aux élèves des écoles et des collèges.</span></b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: large"><b><span style="color: #000000">Un projet d’interdiction aux lycéens, dans les lycées, est en cours . . .</span></b></span></span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<title>Livrets techniques et scientifiques</title>
		<link>http://espacesciencesdesrias.fr/livrets/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 22 Dec 2023 10:22:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Geneviève Terrière]]></dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[&#171;&#160; Trop beau pour être vrai, si c&#8217;est compatible avec les lois de la nature &#160;&#187; Mickael Faraday Envoyés par Internet &#8211; Sur demande à genevieve.terriere@orange.fr Livret &#160;&#187; L&#8217;Homme, tous parents, tous différents &#171;&#160; Musée de l&#8217;Homme 1 &#8211; Une espèce de 7 milliards d&#8217;humains / 2 &#8211; Déshabillons-nous !  / …<p> <a class="continue-reading-link" href="http://espacesciencesdesrias.fr/livrets/">Lire la suite<i class="icon-right-dir"></i></a></p>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;<em> Trop beau pour être vrai, si c&rsquo;est compatible avec les lois de la nature</em> &nbsp;&raquo; Mickael Faraday </strong></p>
<p><strong>Envoyés par Internet &#8211; Sur demande à genevieve.terriere@orange.fr</strong></p>
<p><a href="http://espacesciencesdesrias.fr/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Image-CNRS-Concours-2022-loeil-du-cyclope-veille.jpg"><img class="alignright  wp-image-5331" src="http://espacesciencesdesrias.fr/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Image-CNRS-Concours-2022-loeil-du-cyclope-veille-300x199.jpg" alt="Image CNRS Concours 2022 - l'oeil du cyclope veille" width="249" height="165" /></a></p>
<h2><strong><span style="color: #0000ff">Livret</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">&nbsp;&raquo; <em><span style="color: #0000ff">L&rsquo;Homme, tous parents, tous différents</span></em> </span></strong><span style="color: #0000ff">&laquo;&nbsp;</span> <strong>Musée de l&rsquo;Homme</strong></h2>
<p><strong><span style="color: #3465a4"> <span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: large">1 &#8211; </span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: large">Une espèce de 7 milliards d&rsquo;humains / </span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: large">2 &#8211; Déshabillons-nous !  / 3 &#8211; Diversité mais unité/</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: large">4 &#8211; Diversité génétique /5 &#8211; Diversité génétique et migrations / 6 &#8211; Les grandes découvertes de la biologie/ </span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: large">7 &#8211; L&rsquo;odyssée des gènes / 8 &#8211; Pourquoi avons-nous survécu ? /</span></span><span style="color: #000000">  <span style="font-size: large">9 &#8211; Les races&#8230; toute une histoire ! </span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: large">10 &#8211; Les races, une illusion ! / 11 &#8211; Evolution génétique ?</span></span><span style="color: #000000">  <span style="font-size: large">/ 12 &#8211; Chaque individu est unique13 &#8211; La culture, c&rsquo;est quoi ? / 14 &#8211; Comment caractériser la culture ? / 15 -Les causes du racisme ?16 &#8211; Racismes institutionnalisés / 17 &#8211; Quel avenir pour l&rsquo;homme ? / </span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: large">18 &#8211; Des fake news sur l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;humanité /</span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: large">19 &#8211; Tous parents, tous différents. </span></span></strong></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: large">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-  </span></span></p>
<h2><strong><span style="color: #0000ff">Livret &laquo;&nbsp;<em><span style="color: #0000ff">Le changement climatique</span></em>&laquo;&nbsp;</span></strong></h2>
<p><span style="color: #3465a4"> <span style="font-size: large"><b>1 &#8211; Le changement climatique, ses conséquences</b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #3465a4"> <span style="font-size: large"><b>2 &#8211; L&rsquo;effet de serre, c&rsquo;est quoi ?</b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #3465a4"> <span style="font-size: large"><b>3 &#8211; CO<sub>2 </sub>mais aussi CH<sub>4</sub>&#8230;</b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #3465a4"> <span style="font-size: large"><b>4 &#8211; Les satellites pour mesurer et comprendre le climat </b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #3465a4"> <span style="font-size: large"><b>5 &#8211; L&rsquo;histoire du réchauffement climatique</b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #3465a4"> <span style="font-size: large"><b>6 &#8211; Réchauffement climatique, NON il n&rsquo;y a pas de plan B </b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #3465a4"> <span style="font-size: large"><b>7 &#8211; L&rsquo;océan régulateur du climatique </b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #3465a4"> <span style="font-size: large"><b>8 &#8211; La fin du Gulf Stream</b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #3465a4"> <span style="font-size: large"><b>9 &#8211; Le dipôle de l&rsquo;Océan indien</b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #3465a4"><span style="font-size: large"><b>10 &#8211;</b></span></span><b> </b><span style="color: #3465a4"><span style="font-size: large"><b>El </b></span></span><span style="color: #3465a4"><span style="font-size: large"><b>ni</b></span></span><span style="color: #3465a4"><span style="font-size: large"><b>ñ</b></span></span><span style="color: #3465a4"><span style="font-size: large"><b>o</b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #3465a4"> <span style="font-size: large"><b>11 &#8211; Les vents et la climatologie</b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #3465a4"> <span style="font-size: large"><b>12 &#8211; La fonte des glaciers </b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #3465a4"> <span style="font-size: large"><b>13 &#8211; Les sols : puits de carbone</b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #3465a4"> <span style="font-size: large"><b>14 &#8211; Et le Soleil ? </b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #3465a4"> <span style="font-size: large"><b>15 &#8211; La biodiversité face au changement climatique </b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #3465a4"> <span style="font-size: large"><b>16 &#8211; Fake news sur les causes naturelles du changement climatique</b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #3465a4"> <span style="font-size: large"><b>17 &#8211; Savoir pour prédire</b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #3465a4"> <span style="font-size: large"><b>18 &#8211; Agir</b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #3465a4"> <span style="font-size: large"><b>19 &#8211; Chez nous</b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #3465a4"> <span style="font-size: large"><b>20 &#8211; Programmes de l&rsquo;école et du collège</b></span></span></p>
<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;</p>
<h2><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff">Livret &laquo;&nbsp;<em><span style="color: #0000ff">Il était une fois la Vie</span></em>&nbsp;&raquo; &#8211; <span style="color: #000000">Pour la science</span><br />
</span></strong></span></h2>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="color: #5983b0"> <span style="font-size: large"><b><span style="font-size: large">&#8211;</span></b></span><b><i> </i><span style="font-size: large">C</span><span style="font-size: large">oordination </span><span style="font-size: large">et e</span><span style="font-size: large">ntretien &#8211;</span></b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: large"><b><span style="font-size: medium">Christophe Malaterre </span></b><span style="font-size: medium">(professeur de philosophie à l’université de Montréal) </span><b> </b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: medium"><b>Marie-Christine Maurel </b>(professeur de biologie à Sorbonne-Université)</span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: large"><b><span style="color: #ff860d">Le berceau </span><span style="color: #ff860d">terrestre</span> </b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: large"><b><span style="font-size: medium">1 &#8211;</span> <span style="font-size: medium">L’</span><span style="font-size: medium">histoire de la vie &#8211; </span><span style="font-size: medium">Formation de la Terre &#8211; Cellules vivantes</span><span style="font-size: medium">  </span></b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: medium"><b>2 &#8211; L’ARN par qui tout a commencé &#8211; L’origine des molécules du vivant </b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: medium"><b>3 &#8211; ADN et ARN &#8211; Les piliers de la cellule </b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: medium"><b>4 &#8211; La soupe aux chimères &#8211; L’acide aminé </b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: medium"><b>5 &#8211; Une vie tombée du ciel &#8211; Météorites et comètes<i> </i></b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: medium"><b>6 &#8211; L’aube de la faune &#8211; Ce que révèlent les fossiles</b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: medium"><b>&#8211; Au fond des mers</b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: medium"><b>&#8211; Récifs et preuves</b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: medium"><b>&#8211; Une explosion de vie postglaciaire</b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: large"><b><span style="color: #ff860d">La vie ailleurs ?</span> </b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: large"><b><span style="font-size: medium">7 &#8211; Sommes nous les seuls </span><span style="font-size: medium">dans l’Univers</span><span style="font-size: medium"> ?</span> </b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: medium"><b>8 -Tombée du ciel ? </b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: medium"><b>9 &#8211; Seti  </b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: medium"><b>10 &#8211; Les extraterrestres au cinéma &#8211; Mars Attacks &#8211; E.T. </b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: medium"><b>&#8211; Alien &#8211; Jedi</b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: medium"><b>&#8211; Starship Troopers</b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: medium"><b>&#8211; Dune &#8211; La guerre des mondes</b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: medium"><b>&#8211; Superman &#8211; Gardiens de la galaxie</b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: medium"><b>11 &#8211; Pourquoi ne sont-ils pas là ?</b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: medium"><b>12 &#8211; Avec des constantes de la physique différentes, la vie n’aurait pas pu émerger <span style="font-size: large"> </span> </b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: large"><b><span style="color: #ff860d">Une nouvelle genèse </span></b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: large"><b><span style="font-size: medium">13 &#8211;</span> <span style="font-size: medium">Entre chimie et biologie, une intrigante frontière  </span></b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #5983b0"> <span style="font-size: medium"><b><span style="color: #000000">1</span><span style="color: #000000">4</span><span style="color: #000000"> &#8211;</span> <span style="color: #000000">La première cellule informatique </span></b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #5983b0"> <span style="font-size: medium"><b><span style="color: #000000">1</span><span style="color: #000000">5</span> <span style="color: #000000">&#8211;</span><span style="color: #000000"> L’avènement des cellules artificielles </span></b></span></span></p>
<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;</p>
<h2><strong><span style="color: #0000ff">Livret &nbsp;&raquo; <em><span style="color: #0000ff">Comètes</span></em>&nbsp;&raquo; &#8211; Observatoire de Paris<br />
</span></strong></h2>
<h3><strong><em>Comètes : aux origines des systèmes planétaires </em></strong></h3>
<h3><strong>1 &#8211; Des objets primitifs Comètes et planète Terre : des relations intimes</strong></h3>
<h3><strong>2 &#8211; Des orbites perturbées </strong></h3>
<h3><strong>3 &#8211; La mission Rosetta</strong></h3>
<h3><strong>4 &#8211; L’exploration cométaires</strong></h3>
<h3><strong>5 &#8211; L’aventure de Philaé</strong></h3>
<h3><strong>6 &#8211; Les dessous d’une mission spatiale</strong></h3>
<h3><strong>7 &#8211; Le noyau de la comète Churyumov-G.</strong></h3>
<h3><strong>8 &#8211; L’ atmosphère de la comète Churyumov-G.</strong></h3>
<h3><strong>9 &#8211; L’environnement ionisé de la comète C.-G.</strong></h3>
<h3><strong>10 &#8211; Poussières cométaires</strong></h3>
<h6></h6>
<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;</p>
<h2><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff">Livret &nbsp;&raquo; <em><span style="color: #3366ff">L&rsquo;évolution</span></em>&nbsp;&raquo; &#8211; Saga Sciences &#8211; CNRS</span></strong></span></h2>
<h2><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff"><em><span style="color: #000000">De l&rsquo;origine de la vie aux origines de l&rsquo;Homme </span></em></span></strong></span></h2>
<h2><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff"><em><span style="color: #000000">Découvrir l&rsquo;évolution</span></em><br />
</span></strong></span></h2>
<h6 align="left"><span style="font-size: x-large"><b>1 &#8211;</b></span><b> </b><span style="font-size: x-large"><b>Qu’appelle -t-on</b></span><b> </b><span style="font-size: x-large"><b>évolution ?</b></span><b> </b> <b> </b></h6>
<h6 align="left"><span style="color: #355269"> <span style="font-size: large"><b><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: x-large">L’évolution de la notion d’évolution biologique </span></span></b></span></span><span style="color: #355269"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: large"><b><span style="font-size: x-large">depuis le 19è siècle </span></b></span></span></span></h6>
<h6 align="left"><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: x-large"><b>L’évolution et ses mécanismes vus par </b></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: x-large"><b>les scientifiques et </b></span></span></h6>
<h6 align="left"><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: x-large"><b>le grand public.</b></span></span></h6>
<h6 align="left"><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: x-large"><b>Les arguments en faveur de l’évolution </b></span></span><span style="color: #355269"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: large"><b><span style="font-size: x-large">et les menaces du </span></b></span></span></span></h6>
<h6 align="left"><span style="color: #355269"><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: large"><b><span style="font-size: x-large">créationnisme.</span></b></span><b> </b></span></span></h6>
<h6><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: x-large"><b>2 &#8211; </b></span></span> <span style="font-size: x-large"><b>Le déroulement de l’évolution</b></span></h6>
<p><span style="font-size: large"><b><span style="font-size: x-large">Sa chronologie et l’histoire des milieux</span></b></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: x-large"><b>3 &#8211; Les grands évènements du monde physique </b></span><span style="font-size: large"><b><span style="font-size: x-large">et l’histoire de la vie</span></b></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: x-large"><b>4 &#8211; La parenté, </b></span><span style="font-size: large"><b><span style="font-size: x-large">conséquence de l’évolution</span></b></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: x-large"><b>5 &#8211; Les mécanismes de l’évolution</b></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: x-large"><b>6 &#8211; Un cas d’espèce :</b></span><span style="font-size: x-large"><b>l’origine et l’évolution de l’Homme</b></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: x-large"><b>7 &#8211; Les recherches actuelles</b></span></p>
<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;</p>
<h2><strong><span style="color: #0000ff">Livret &nbsp;&raquo; <em><span style="color: #3366ff">L&rsquo;eau douce</span></em>&nbsp;&raquo; &#8211; Saga Sciences &#8211; <span style="color: #000000">CNRS &#8211; Pour les écoles &#8230;</span></span></strong></h2>
<h2><strong><span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #000000">1 &#8211; Présentation</span></span></strong></h2>
<h2><strong><span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #000000"> 2 &#8211; Propriétés </span></span></strong></h2>
<h2><strong><span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #000000">3 &#8211; Dans l&rsquo;Univers </span></span></strong></h2>
<h2><strong><span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #000000">4 &#8211; Cycles et réservoirs </span></span></strong></h2>
<h2><strong><span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #000000">5 &#8211; Usages </span></span></strong></h2>
<h2><strong><span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #000000">6 &#8211; Eau potable</span></span></strong></h2>
<h2><strong><span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #000000"> 7 &#8211; Dégradations </span></span></strong></h2>
<h2><strong><span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #000000">8 &#8211; En France </span></span></strong></h2>
<h2><strong><span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #000000">9 &#8211; Situation mondiale </span></span></strong></h2>
<h2><strong><span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #000000">10 &#8211; Préservations </span></span></strong></h2>
<h2><strong><span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #000000">11 &#8211; Recherches</span><br />
</span></strong></h2>
<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-</p>
<h2><strong><span style="color: #0000ff">Livret &nbsp;&raquo; <em><span style="color: #3366ff">L&rsquo;origine de la Vie</span></em> &nbsp;&raquo; &#8211; Saga Sciences &#8211; CNRS<br />
</span></strong></h2>
<p><span style="font-size: large"><span style="color: #000000"><i><b>&#8211; à travers l&rsquo;Histoir</b></i></span><span style="color: #000000"><i><b>e</b></i></span><span style="color: #000000"><b> &#8211;</b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: large"><span style="color: #c5000b"><b>De</b></span><span style="color: #c5000b"><b>s récits improbables aux scénarios réalistes.</b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><i><b>L&rsquo;Antiquité &#8211; </b></i></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b>Avec les théories </b></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium">de</span></span><i> </i><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b>Platon </b></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b>et</b></span></span> <span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b>Aristote</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium">.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><i><b>XVII</b></i></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><sup><span style="font-size: medium"><i><b>è</b></i></span></sup></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><i><b>s</b></i></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b> &#8211; </b></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b>L’interminable débat autour de la génération spontanée</b></span></span><strong><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium">.</span></span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><i><b>XV</b></i></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><i>III</i></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color: #000000"><sup><span style="font-size: medium"><i>è</i></span></sup></span></strong><strong><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><i>s</i></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b>&#8211;</b></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b>Les premières théories scientifiques </b></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium">avec </span></span></strong><strong><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b>Linné</b></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium">et</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b>Buffon.</b></span></span></strong></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><i><b>XIX</b></i></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><sup><span style="font-size: medium"><i><b>è</b></i></span></sup></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><i><b>s X</b></i></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><i><b>X</b></i></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><sup><span style="font-size: medium"><i><b>è</b></i></span></sup></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><i><b>s </b></i></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b>&#8211;</b></span></span><i> </i><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b>Une soupe pas (entièrement) faite maison, </b></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b>avec</b></span></span><strong><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b> Lamarck </b></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium">et </span></span></strong><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b><strong>Darwin.</strong></b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b><em>D</em></b></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b><em>eux hypothèses naturalistes sur </em></b></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b><em>l&rsquo;origine de la vie.</em></b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b><strong>In</strong></b></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b><strong>vention de la génétique moderne </strong></b></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><strong>avec</strong></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b><strong> Mendel </strong></b></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><strong>et</strong></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b><strong> Pasteur.</strong></b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: medium"><i><b>L</b></i></span><span style="font-size: medium"><i><b>e tournant des années </b></i></span><span style="font-size: medium"><i><b>1950 &#8211;</b></i></span><b> </b><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b>Emergence de la vie dans l&rsquo;atmosphère terrestre ?</b></span></span> <span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium">.</span></span></p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b>D</b></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b>écouverte de la structure de l&rsquo;ADN</b></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium">.</span></span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size: medium"><strong><span style="color: #000000"><b>E</b></span></strong><strong><span style="color: #000000"><b>tud</b></span></strong><strong><span style="color: #000000"><b>e de</b></span></strong><b> </b><strong><span style="color: #000000"><b>l&rsquo;évolution.</b></span></strong><b> </b> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="color: #c5000b"><span style="font-size: large"><b>&#8211;</b></span></span><i><b> </b></i><span style="color: #c5000b"><span style="font-size: large"><i><b>définir le vivant &#8211;</b></i></span></span><span style="color: #c5000b"><span style="font-size: large"><b> Inerte ou vivant ?</b></span></span> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="color: #000000"><b>O</b></span><span style="color: #000000"><b>ù placer le curseur entre ce qui est vivant et ce qui ne l’est pa</b></span><span style="color: #000000"><b>s ?</b></span></span></p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b>L’évolution dans la continuité</b></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium">.</span></span></strong></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b>Les êtres vivants </b></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b>sont </b></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b>majoritairement constitués d’eau </b></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b>et de carbone</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium">. </span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: medium"><b>Les virus sont-ils vivants ?</b> </span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #c5000b"> <span style="font-size: large"><b>&#8211; </b></span><span style="color: #c5000b"><i><b>Terre exception ?</b></i></span><span style="color: #c5000b"><b> &#8211; La Terre, des conditions idéales. </b></span> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="color: #000000"><b>P</b></span><span style="color: #000000"><b>résence d’eau, de carbone, le </b></span><strong><span style="color: #000000"><b>climat</b></span></strong><span style="color: #000000"><b>, l’atmosphère, </b></span><strong><span style="color: #000000"><b>l&rsquo;énergie solaire.</b></span></strong><b> </b></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="color: #000000"><b>U</b></span><span style="color: #000000"><b>n champ magnétique protecteur</b></span><strong><span style="color: #000000"><b> intense.</b></span></strong> </span></p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #c5000b"> <span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-size: large"><b>&#8211; </b></span></span></span></strong><span style="color: #c5000b"><strong><span style="color: #c5000b"><span style="font-size: large"><b>E</b></span></span></strong><span style="color: #c5000b"><span style="font-size: large"><i><b>mergence de la vie</b></i></span></span><span style="color: #c5000b"><span style="font-size: large"><b> &#8211; La difficile quête des origines de la vie sur Terre.</b></span></span> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="color: #000000"><b>L</b></span><span style="color: #000000"><b>es plus anciennes traces avérées de l&rsquo;existence de la vie datent de 3,5 milliards d’années</b></span><span style="color: #000000">.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="color: #000000"><b>Reproduire la vie en laboratoire ?</b></span> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="color: #000000"><b>Comment (re)construire l’histoire du vivant ?</b></span> </span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="color: #c5000b"> <span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-size: large"><b>&#8211; </b></span></span><b> </b><span style="color: #c5000b"><span style="font-size: large"><i><b>Terre exception ? </b></i></span></span><span style="color: #c5000b"><span style="font-size: large"><b>A la quête d&rsquo;autres mondes vivants. </b></span></span><b> </b> </span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="font-size: medium"><b>La vie </b><b>sur d’autres planètes dans notre système solaire ?</b> </span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b>Mars</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium">, </span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b>satellites gelés, Europe</b></span></span> <span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: medium"><b>Encelade.</b></span></span></p>
<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;</p>
<h2><span style="color: #3366ff"><strong><span style="color: #3366ff">Livret</span><em><span style="color: #3366ff"> &nbsp;&raquo;Cristaux&nbsp;&raquo;</span></em></strong></span></h2>
<p><strong>Minéraux naturels : formes cristallines &#8211; Caractéristiques &#8211; Propriétés &#8211; Emplois</strong></p>
<p><strong>Quadratique (diamant) &#8211; Hexagonal (Graphique) &#8211; Cubique (Cuivre) &#8211; Monoclinique ( Malachite) &#8211; Triclinique ( Turquoise) &#8211; Orthorhombique ( Soufre) &#8211; Rhomboédrique ( Bismuth).</strong></p>
<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-</p>
<h2><span style="color: #3366ff"><strong><span style="color: #3366ff">Livret &nbsp;&raquo; <em><span style="color: #3366ff">Le</span> <span style="color: #3366ff">cerveau</span></em>&nbsp;&raquo; </span></strong></span></h2>
<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;</p>
<h2><strong><span style="color: #3366ff">Livret &nbsp;&raquo; L&rsquo;intelligence artificielle&nbsp;&raquo;</span></strong></h2>
<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;</p>
<h2><strong><span style="color: #3366ff">Livret &laquo;&nbsp;<em><span style="color: #3366ff">Esprit critique</span></em>&laquo;&nbsp;</span></strong></h2>
<p><span style="color: #202122"> <span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: x-large"><b>1 &#8211; L’esprit critique, c’est quoi ? (<span style="font-size: large">UNIVERSCIENCES</span><span style="font-size: large">)</span> </b></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #202122"> <span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: x-large"><b>2 &#8211; Faits ou croyances <span style="font-size: large">(Pour la Science)</span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #202122"> <span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: x-large"><b>3… 8 &#8211; Histoire du complotisme <span style="font-size: large">(Musée du judaïsme)</span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #202122"><span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: x-large"><b>9… 14 &#8211; Le complotisme dans la société française<span style="font-size: large">(Fondation JeanJaurès)</span> </b></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #202122"> <span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: x-large"><b>15 &#8211; La rumeur d’Orléans <span style="font-size: large">(étudiée par Edgar Morin)</span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #202122"> <span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: x-large"><b>16 &#8211; L’histoire des préjugés raciaux <span style="font-size: large">(CNRS)</span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #202122"> <span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: x-large"><b>17… 22 &#8211; Les gilets jaunes <span style="font-size: large">(Olivier Costa &#8211; CNRS)</span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #202122"> <span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: x-large"><b>23 &#8211; Le créationnisme <span style="font-size: large">(Loïc de la Mornais, journaliste)</span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #202122"> <span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: x-large"><b>24 &#8211; Les réseaux sociaux </b></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #202122"> <span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: x-large"><b>25 &#8211; Parlons-en ! Aux enfants <span style="font-size: large">(UNIVERSCIENCES)</span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #202122"> <span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: x-large"><b>26 &#8211; NoFakeScience <span style="font-size: large">(Virgine Tournay &#8211; CNRS) </span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #202122"> <span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: x-large"><b>27 &#8211; Nocivité des écrans sur les jeunes &#8211; (étude INSERM)</b></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #202122"> <span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: x-large"><b>28 &#8211; Loi anti-fakenews dans les médias &#8211; Le CSA </b></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #202122"> <span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: x-large"><b>29 &#8211; VIGINUM </b></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #202122"> <span style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif"><span style="font-size: x-large"><b>30 &#8211; La Miviludes</b></span></span></span></p>
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